Cómo el capitalismo socava la democracia

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Origen del artículo: ArgentinaEsta nota fue traducida del inglés
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Obtenga una suscripción introductoria a Jacobin por solo $ 20 A los pensadores libertarios como Milton Friedman les gusta decir que el capitalismo no sólo dio origen a la democracia sino que también es el sistema económico ideal para complementar la democracia. Esto se acentuó en la servidumbre, pero incluso sin ella había todo tipo de formas institucionalizadas de control y autoridad sobre los campesinos, lo que hacía que la coerción y las amenazas físicas fueran absolutamente esenciales para el sistema.
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Get an introductory Jacobin subscription for just $20 L ibertarian thinkers like Milton Friedman like to say that capitalism not only gave birth to democracy but also is the ideal economic system to complement democracy. But while capitalism may have created the conditions for democracy, it’s actually the main obstacle to securing full democratic rights. On this latest episode of the Jacobin Radio podcast Confronting Capitalism, Vivek Chibber and Melissa Naschek examine the worker struggles central to the rise of democracy and why, in a system built around profit, the ruling class opposes it. Confronting Capitalism with Vivek Chibber is produced by Catalyst: A Journal of Theory and Strategy and published by Jacobin. You can listen to the full episode here. There’s been a lot of discussion on the state of democracy, in particular in the United States but also around the world. People are very concerned about how stable democracy is in the modern capitalist world. So today, I’d like us to look at the big-picture relationship between capitalism and democracy. The true nature of the relationship between capitalism and democracy is an absolutely central issue. The Left has historically taken it up as one of its central questions, but so has the Right. If you look at Milton Friedman’s book Capitalism and Freedom, which is one of the classics of modern neoliberal thought, Friedman made a very strong argument for the connection between capitalism and democracy. In many ways, he was mirroring certain kinds of Marxist arguments when he said that capitalism is not only consistent with democracy but that it’s also the best possible system for democracy. And he was contrasting it with the Soviet Union. When you compare liberal democracies with the Soviet Union, it’s an easy case for Friedman to make. When you have a state-controlled economy where the government plans authoritatively — telling producers what to make and how much to make and directly or indirectly telling labor where to work and when to work — you can’t have democracy in such a system, because basic choices are being directly controlled by the government. He makes the argument that in a free market, free choice in the market is easily translated into free choice in politics. So his work becomes a defense of capitalism not just as an efficient system but as the system that maximally promotes freedom. Do you agree with Friedman that capitalism is the ideal economic system to promote democracy? No, it is not. If it were, we wouldn’t have to be anti-capitalist. As people who are trying to promote greater freedom and greater democracy, we also end up as anti-capitalists. That means we are pointing to flaws in capitalism that systematically undermine democratic aspirations and democratic values. That being said, it is correct to say that capitalism laid the foundations for democracy. So we have to examine both of these things. We should start with how capitalism laid the foundations for democracy and then go on to why, nevertheless, there are significant tensions between the capitalist economy and democratic politics. So how did capitalism lay the foundation for democracy? To understand that, it’s useful to look at what preceded capitalism, when there wasn’t any democracy, and at why the economic systems that preceded capitalism made democracy a nonstarter. That system, in Europe and much of the non-European world, was called feudalism. The essence of feudalism was that the rul
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